Volatile Composition of Ruta graveolens L. of North of Iran

The chemical constituents of the essential oil of Ruta graveolens L. from aerial parts collected from Iran were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil yield of the dried plant obtained by hydrodistillation was 0.4% (v/w). Nineteen compounds, representing for 95.2% of the oil, were identified. The main classes of compounds were found to be ketons(46.6%) and sesquiterpenoids (13.3%) and monoterpenoids (4.1%). The major constituents were 2-undecanone (33.9%), 2-Heptanol acetate (17.5%),1-dodecanol(11.0%),geyrene(10.4%) and 2-nonanone(8.8%). Key word: Hydrodistillation Essential oil Chemical composition Rutaceae Ruta graveolens L. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS The genus Ruta L. belongs to the family Rutaceae Plant Materials: The aerial parts of R. graveolens L. were with the common Persian name of “SODAB”,includes two collected from the Lahijan, province of Guilan, in May species that R. chalepensis can be found as wild plant in 2007. The plants were identi?ed and authenticated by Dr. south of Iran and R. graveolens as medicine plant was Mozaffarian at institute of Forest and Rangelands. implanted in all over Iran [1]. Voucher specimens have been deposited at the Herbarium In recent years, several studies have been performed of the Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands on the chemical composition of Ruta speciese oils of (TARI), Tehran, Iran. different origins. For example, the seasonal dependence has been observed in the essential oil contents of fresh Isolation of the Essential Oils: The dried aerial parts of and dried leaves and, likewise, blossoms and fruits of R. the plants (100 g) were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type graveolens L. Dried leaves are characterized by knobloch apparatus for 3.5 h. The oils were dried over anhydrous and coworkers in Germany [2] and so the essential oil of sodium sulfate and kept at 4°C in the sealed brown vials root in R. graveolens L. was studied by Tatti and Bos [3]. until required. The water distilled essential oil from aerial parts of R. chelepensis subsp. angustifolia (Pers.) P.C. was Analysis of the Oils: GC analyses were carried investigated [4]. out on a HP-6890 gas chromatograph equipped with a The essential oil of Ruta graveolens L. growing split/splitless (20:1) injector (250°C) and a flame in Egypt studied by Aboutabl [5] and 2-nonanol; 2ionization detector (250°C). N was used carrier gas nonanone; 2-undecanone; geijerene; nonyl acetate; (1 ml/min). The capillary column used was DB-5 pregeijerene detected. (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm film thickness). The oven So Potential alleochemicals from the essential oil of temperature was held at 60°C for 3 min, then heated to R. graveolens studied by De Feo [6] and undecan-2-one 220°C with a 5° rate and kept constant at 220°C for 5 min. (46.8%) and nonan-2-one(18.8%) as the main constituents, Quantitative data were obtained from GC (FID) area detected . percentage. Due to the important medicinal properties of the GC-MS analyses were performed on a HP-6890 GC plant, it was thought worthwhile to identify the chemical system coupled with a 5973 network mass selective composition of further sample of R. graveolens L. oil detector and equipped with a HP5-MS capillary fused from north of Iran. silica column (30 m × 0.25 mm I.D × 0.32 μm film 2 World Appl. Sci. J., 7 (1): 124-126, 2009 125 thickness). The operating conditions were the same The components of the oils were identified by comparison conditions as described above but the carrier gas was He of their mass spectra and retention indices (RI) with with 1 ml/min flow rate. Mass spectra were taken at 70 eV. those reported by Adams [7] and presented in the MS Mass range was from m/z 20-500 amu. computer library (WILEY275). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION GC/MS and GC/FID on non-polar column. An example of The hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of R. In the oil of R .graveolens L. Nineteen components graveolens L. gave yellowish oil with a yield of 0.4% were identified, which represented about 95.2% of the (v/w), quantitative data were obtained from the electronic total detected constituents.The major constituents of integration of the FID peak areas without normalization. the oil were 2-undecanone (33.9%), 2-Heptanol acetate The extracted essential oils were then analyzed by a total ion chromatograms profile is shown in Figure 1. Fig. 1: Extracted essential oil GC/MS profile (DB-5 nonpolar column) World Appl. Sci. J., 7 (1): 124-126, 2009 126 Table 1: Percentage composition of the oils of aerial parts of Ruta graveolens L. Compound RI RT Percentage (%) a b c 2-nonanone 1093 9.20 8.8 2-nonanol 1102 9.38 1.1 geijerene 1132 10.06 1.6 geyrene 1142 10.26 10.4 2-decanone 1191 11.33 1.9 2-heptanol acetate 1239 12.32 17.5 cis-isopulegone 1245 12.45 0.8 cis-piperitone oxide 1259 12.73 1.2 benzene,Trimethyl(1-Methylethyl) 1285 13.26 0.2 2-undecanone 1302 13.61 33.9 piperitenone 1348 14.51 0.7 2-methyl-undecanal 1363 14.80 1.1 trans-piperitenone oxide 1371 14.95 1.4 2-dodecanone 1391 15.33 1.1 bicyclo(7,2,0)undec-4-ene, (4, 11, 11) trimethyl-8-methylene 1419 15.86 0.3 1-dodecanol 1430 16.06 11.0 2-tridecanone 1489 17.14 0.9 elemol 1449 18.18 1.1 (-)-caryophylleneoxide 1585 18.79 0.2